FAC blog
Opinions and comments from Future Agricultures researchers on agricultural politics, science and society in Africa
Latest articles
5 June: China and Brazil in African Agriculture – news roundup
June 5, 2013 / FAC blog Extra Funding Needed for ProSavana Mozambican Minister for Agriculture, whilst at TICAD has said that they are planning to secure extra funding for the ProSavana project. Currently Japan is the biggest investor in the project with $11 million USD.(Macauhub) Separately,
Should we worry if Africa’s farmers are getting older?
June 4, 2013 / FAC blog In African policy debates it is often assumed that rejection of agriculture by rural young people – and their mass migration to urban areas – is the primary cause of the aging farm population. It is further assumed that among
30 May: China and Brazil in African Agriculture – news roundup
May 30, 2013 / FAC blog WFP signs $1.6m deal with Chinese food-company in Ghana The World Food Programme has signed a $1.6 million deal with Chinese company HNA to provide school meals for children in Ghana. This is part of the government initiated Ghana School
22 May: China and Brazil in African Agriculture – news roundup
May 22, 2013 / FAC blog Chinese pressure on Zimbabwean debts China has insisted that Zimbabwean companies and state institutions settle outstanding arrears before more loans are released for further infrastructure projects. New commitments include the expansion of a dam and the construction of a new
New ODI report: how smallholder agriculture contributes to food security and nutrition
May 21, 2013 / FAC blog Some 852 million people were estimated to be undernourished in 2010–12. Micro-nutrient deficiencies, especially of vitamin A, iodine, iron and zinc, are even more widespread, with perhaps as many as two billion persons affected owing to insufficient vitamins and minerals
Why Africa should listen to how South Africa’s food retailers are responding to environmental and social change
May 15, 2013 / FAC blog This final point raises the interesting question of perspective. The paper’s scope was limited to the opinions of those working in private sector companies, but there are many other important actors in the food system. In particular, the role of
15 May: China and Brazil in African Agriculture – news roundup
May 15, 2013 / FAC blog Olam to increase investments in Mozambican Cotton Olam’s Mozambique subsidiary has stated that it plans to make “large investments” in Mozambique’s cotton production. No further details on this are given, but the article highlights that Olam already has production agreements
What can we learn from history about large-scale commercial farming developments?
May 13, 2013 / FAC blog Examining the evidence The LACA (Land and Agricultural Commercialisation in Africa) project, begun last year, looks at some of those impacts in more detail. This three-year project studies the socio-economic impacts of commercial agricultural developments, including types of development that
3 May: China and Brazil in African Agriculture – news roundup
May 3, 2013 / FAC blog Nigerian agricultural research council be more like Embrapa The Nigerian Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, Dr. Akinwumi Adesina, has said that he wants Nigeria to transform its Agricultural Research Council to be more like Brazil’s equivalent, Embrapa. This comes
The 3Ds – a new idea for farming systems research?
May 3, 2013 / FAC blog Much of the formalisation of farming systems research took place within the CGIAR centres in Nigeria (IITA), Mexico (CIMMYT) and The Philippines (IRRI). USAID and other funders eventually piled in, spawning farming systems research units, projects and training programmes throughout
Large-scale land acquisition: can we overcome transparency’s ‘dirty secret’?
May 1, 2013 / FAC blog Two main points stood out for us across the different panels. First is the need to pin down what is meant by ‘transparency’. For some, it meant disclosure of information; for others, disclosure plus active participation; in yet other discussions,
3 questions for future food research
April 30, 2013 / FAC blog The following 5 days were jam-packed with activities that stretched our combined mental capacities to the limit. Prof Mary Scholes was the convenor of the conference and, together with a truly stellar group of senior researchers, she set us a
23 April 2013: China and Brazil in African Agriculture – news roundup
April 22, 2013 / FAC blog Chinese Firms Criticised in Zimbabwean Tobacco Out-Grower Schemes Chinese firms are said to be rapidly dominating the Zimbabwean tobacco markets and placing increasingly high demands and costs on locally engaged farmers in out-grower schemes. Chinese tobacco firm Tian Ze is
12 April 2013: China and Brazil in African Agriculture – news roundup
April 12, 2013 / FAC blog Joint Annual Meeting of the African Union The 6th Joint Annual Meeting of the African Union’s ministers of finance, planning and economic development called for a focus on industrialisation and discussed means to bring this about. Agriculture was discussed briefly
When evidence is thin, policy makers should learn from ancient mariners
April 4, 2013 / FAC blog So, the argument is as follows: Evidence-based policy discourse that focuses on ‘what works, where and for whom’ presupposes the existence of evidence about ‘what is, what has been and what is likely to be’. In some key policy domains
Can the BRICS help Africa feed itself?
March 25, 2013 / FAC blog One example of so-called South-South development co-operation is Brazil’s efforts to support agricultural development and food security in Africa. Brazil, a world-leading trader of a range of agricultural commodities (including beef, poultry, ethanol and soybean), has become known as a
“Donors go home!” Money and politics in African agriculture
March 20, 2013 / FAC blog African governments have been criticised for their lack of political will in investing more in agriculture, and for a gap between rhetoric and action. Can donors be accused of the same thing? After the food crisis of 2007/8, John Barrett
Extending the extension debate
March 20, 2013 / FAC blog Blessings Chinsinga questioned the very paradigm of private demand-led extension. In Malawi, he said, most farmers could not afford to ‘demand’ private extension services. And the idea that the private sector would provide its own extension agents has not materialised.
Clash of beliefs
March 19, 2013 / FAC blog In Uganda, during the process of setting up National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS), there was a crucial split between two groups: a ‘radical’ coalition (associated with the World Bank and Ministry of Finance) which advocated radical reform to extension services
Rural communities and politics: not voiceless or docile
March 19, 2013 / FAC blog Many major changes are shaping the politics of African agriculture. Large scale land deals; food price volatility; large-scale land deals by external countries and companies; a growing urban population; and demographic changes are all having an impact. Despite the challenges,
The FAO Voluntary Guidelines: setting sail?
March 14, 2013 / FAC blog Regional discussions: what do States make of the guidelines? On 12–14 February 2013, FAO brought together 78 professionals from Anglophone countries to a Technical Awareness Raising Workshop on the Voluntary Guidelines in Kigali, Rwanda. This was the second of 10
How are China and Brazil changing agricultural development in Africa?
March 11, 2013 / FAC blog These working papers are the first publications from the CBAA project. Other planned outputs are a geo-referenced database of agricultural co-operation projects in the four countries, in-depth case studies comparative analysis, and implications for the future of aid and investment
Contested agronomy: low-level evidence, high-level claims
February 13, 2013 / FAC blog We can think of both agronomic research results and impact claims as being distributed along a continuum of levels: in Africa, for example, from the level of the trial plot to that of the sub-continent (see picture). The foundational level
The limits of ‘evidence’ in African agriculture
January 24, 2013 / FAC blog Despite the varied view of evidence in the literature, the idea that policy makers should take more account of ‘evidence’ (e.g. of what worked where, for whom and under what conditions) is now generally accepted. Many governments and donor agencies
Why we should worry about speculation in food markets
January 23, 2013 / FAC blog 2012 saw the worst drought in 50 years in the United States. Other major food producers also experienced an unusually dry year, severely affecting harvests. As prices began to move upwards last summer, many predicted a price ‘spike’ like those
Time for a rethink? Getting smart about politics on climate change and agriculture
December 12, 2012 / FAC blog In the past few years, the concept of ‘climate-smart agriculture’ has formed a unifying – though also severely contested – concept which has climbed the international development agenda. Defined broadly around the notion of ‘triple wins’, actions that simultaneously increase
Chicken and politics in Ghana
November 28, 2012 / FAC blog A post on the STEPS Centre blog by Future Agricultures researchers Jim Sumberg and John Thompson looks at the politics of chicken in Ghana, with elections just around the corner. 70,900 metric tons of frozen chicken were imported into the
Seeing more clearly: new perspectives on the global land grab
October 30, 2012 / FAC blog Context and theory isn’t just interesting – it’s essential This time round, there was a greater attempt to locate empirical findings in wider conceptual and theoretical debates. The last conference was dominated by case after case, all fresh from the
Global Brazil meets the new Africa: how much of an introduction do they need?
October 25, 2012 / FAC blog Africa-Brazil connections have a long history, with records dating back to Portuguese colonialism. Ties were strong then. These were built, not least, through transatlantic shipping routes and slave trade which left visible marks on either side of the Atlantic. After
Land-grab or land-give?
October 19, 2012 / FAC blog Honig’s research shows that, although the vast majority of Zambian chiefs are against the formation of state-owned 100,000-hectare farm blocks, in most cases they consent to the transfer of land title and thus the consolidation of state authority. Her research
Land grabs: how do we know what we know?
October 19, 2012 / FAC blog Beyond this historical legacy to contend with, Edelman identified contemporary challenges of how we “know” how many hectares are being grabbed. What are our sources, and how reliable are they? Who produced them and why? Is this, Edelman asked, a
Land grabbing Q&A: Shalmali Guttal, Focus on the Global South
October 19, 2012 / FAC blog Q: What kind of role do you think academics and research can play in positively advancing people’s livelihoods, in the land grabbing struggle? What are some strengths, or things that could be changed? Do you think this conference is a
Geographies of hope: resistance and land
October 18, 2012 / FAC blog Ben Cousins also found that contemporary solutions to colonial land grabs may, in fact, be throwing the baby out with the bathwater. In South Africa, the “inclusive business models” approach to land reform is susceptible to the same contradiction between
Land grabs: changing the planet
October 18, 2012 / FAC blog Land grabs have the strange position of both deriving from and contributing to the Anthropocene, to human domination of ecological processes. Land grabs contribute to the Anthropocene because agriculture contributes to 12% of greenhouse gas emissions, and up to 30%
Land grabs: framing the debate
October 18, 2012 / FAC blog Farshad Araghi focused on the commodification of land rights from a global historical perspective, using Braudel’s conception of the “longue durée” as a methodological tool. Tania Li went on to examine how land is treated as an abstract alienable object
Land grabs – Governance panel I: from past to present
October 18, 2012 / FAC blog Meghan Morris presented the case of land restitution in Colombia as a mechanism through which violence and state-organised land titling are changing traditional tenure systems. Her case studies provide the empirical window through which stories emerge that depict the often
10 big questions on land grabs
October 18, 2012 / FAC blog 1. How are deals initiated upstream? (Melissa Leach) Are deals dreamed up in boardrooms, investment fora, or other closed-door arenas? How can this process be opened up, for example by investigative journalism or insider observation? We need to take a
Water grabbing: a slippery business
October 17, 2012 / FAC blog The issue of water grabs is a particularly slippery one. Unlike land, water flows and moves from one place to another; its availability goes up and down, affected by the seasons, human use, or climate change; it can be visibly
“Land laundering”: how Colombian paramilitaries hijack grassroots development
October 16, 2012 / FAC blog A major World Bank study last year found that one in five people in the world live in conflict-affected countries, including those with high levels of organized crime. Almost all these countries also appear in a World Bank report on
Global land governance: an idea whose time has come?
October 14, 2012 / FAC blog Although these governance processes seem very distant from the local, we know from experience in other fields such as human rights, labour, international trade and environmental standards that transnational and global governance can have a major influence on developments on
How pastoralists get a bad press
October 11, 2012 / FAC blog As Mike explains, simple narratives can help policy-makers make sense of a complex situation, but they can go badly wrong when applied to people ‘at the margins’. The second blog post focuses on the media in Kenya, where pastoralism is
IFPRI: Seminar on ‘Strategies & Priorities for African Agriculture’, 3 October
September 28, 2012 / FAC blog Speakers: Karen Brooks, Director, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (CRP 2), IFPRI. Xinshen Diao, Deputy Director, Development Strategy and Governance Division, IFPRI. Jeff Hill, Bureau for Food Security, US Agency for International Development. Chaired by Ousmane Badiane,
Supply or demand: what ‘drives’ modern agricultural revolutions?
September 26, 2012 / FAC blog This distinction between a supply (Green) and a demand (Livestock) driven agricultural revolution has often been repeated. It’s now inextricably linked to debates and discourse around the Livestock Revolution. However, to say that the Green Revolution was ‘supply driven’ is
“To Di World” – an Olympic effort to tackle hunger?
August 10, 2012 / FAC blog “The challenge is to avoid the fight against malnutrition being a compelling but periodic curiosity (think the Olympic cycling keirin event). The fight will be unglamorous, constant, and difficult – more like the training for the Olympics than the Games
Rio+20: Women’s rights in reverse gear
August 8, 2012 / FAC blog The sustainable development challenges we are facing, such as food and nutrition insecurity, climate change, and social inequalities, are all interlinked. They are problems of complexity and of equity – between countries, generations, social groups, between those with power and
Measuring aid to agriculture and food security
August 8, 2012 / FAC blog There is a prevailing view that aid to agriculture has suffered a steep decline since the 1980s and is only now beginning to recover its share of total aid, following concerns over food price rises and volatility. While this is
Green agriculture: not just for Africa
June 20, 2012 / FAC blog Historically, changes in agricultural practices to meet rising demand include a shift to industrial production and the ‘Green Revolution’ of the 1960s. However, the reliance on large-scale monoculture dependent on mechanisation, irrigation and inputs like fertilisers and pesticides has had
Green agriculture: interests, politics and narratives at Rio+20
June 20, 2012 / FAC blog The FAO’s 2011 State of the World food security report shows that since 2006, the world has witnessed an increase in food insecurity. According to the report, one billion people worldwide – mainly Africans – are food-insecure. This worrying state